n 1947, Eckert and Mauchly, the developers of ENIAC and EDVAC, founded the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and introduced UNIVAC. Meanwhile, IBM launched the IBM 650, the first mass-produced computer, and developed foundational programming languages like Fortran and LISP. This marked the beginning of widespread commercial computing and software engineering in the 1950s...

After World War II, countries sought to develop computers. Alan Turing first proposed a theoretical computer model, influencing the design of modern computing. He aimed to prove Gödel's incompleteness theorems by designing a theoretical machine, leading to the Turing machine concept. Concurrently, the U.S. developed ENIAC, a general-purpose computer, evolving into the EDVAC with Von Neumann's input, establishing the foundation for modern computer architecture...

In the 19th century, Charles Babbage designed the difference engine, and Ada Lovelace created the first algorithm, shaping the foundation of modern computing and programming concepts.